Objective: To evaluate and compare the antioxidant activity displayed by seaweed H. opuntia and B. triquetrum using different experimental in vitro antioxidant assessment models. Material and Methods: The following techniques are utilized: DPPH, Reducing power, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and inhibition of haemolysis. Results: B. triquetrum: DPPH; IC50=1.15 ± 0.06, Reducing power (concentration 128 mg/mL), OD=2.798, inhibition of lipid peroxidation; IC50=5.09± 0.25 and inhibition of haemolysis; with 12 mg/mL; 35 %. H. opuntia: DPPH; IC50=12.34 ± 0.30 mg/mL, reducing power; OD=0.800, inhibition of lipid peroxidation; IC50=1.25± 0.31 mg/mL, inhibition of lipid peroxidation; IC50=1.25± 0.31 mg/mL and inhibition of haemolysis; 82%. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that B.triquetrum extract was more effective than H. opuntia in reducing power and DPPH assays while H.opuntia was more effective in inhibition of lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates and the inhibition of red blood cell (RBC) haemolysis induced by AAPH. We discuss some aspects about their possible mechanisms of action.

Objetivos: Evaluar y comparar las propiedades antioxidantes mediante ensayos in vitro de extractos acuosos de las algas roja Bryothamnion triquetrum y verde Halimeda opuntia y su relación con el contenido de polifenoles. Material y Métodos: Se utilizaron las técnicas in vitro: DPPH, Capacidad reductora, Inhibición de la peroxidación lipídica e inhibición de la hemólisis inducida por AAPH. Resultados: B. triquetrum: DPPH; CI50=1,15 ± 0,06, capacidad reductora a concentración; 128 mg/mL, DO=2,798, inhibición de la peroxidación lipídica; CI50=5,09± 0,25 e inhibición de la hemólisis con 12 mg/mL; 35 %. H. opuntia: DPPH; CI50=12,34 ± 0,30 mg/mL, capacidad reductora; DO=0,800, inhibición de la peroxidación lipídica; CI50=1,25± 0,31 mg/mL e inhibición de la hemólisis; 82%. Conclusiones: Los resultados evidencian que B triquetrum resulto mucho más eficiente en los ensayos de DPPH y Capacidad reductora mientras H opuntia resulta más eficiente en Inhibición de la peroxidación lipídica e inhibición de la hemólisis. Se discuten algunos aspectos acerca de sus posibles mecanismos de acción.

A oxidação da LDL e o estresse oxidativo estão intimamente relacionados com a aterosclerose. Por isso, os antioxidantes naturais têm sido estudados como candidatos promissores. No presente trabalho foi avaliada in vitro a capacidade de inibição da oxidação da LDL pelos compostos bioativos da alga Halimeda incrassata em associação à capacidade antioxidante. O trabalho experimental foi conduzido com extratos polares (extrato aquoso liofilizado e frações ricas em fenólicos) e seu efeito na oxidação da LDL foi avaliado usando LDL precipitada com heparina (hep-LDL), oxidada com íons de Cu2+ e AAPH, como geradores de radicais livres. A H. incrassata apresentou efeito protetor para hep-LDL em ambos sistemas e a presença de compostos fenólicos contribuiu para a atividade em que as frações ricas em fenólicos demonstram capacidade significativa em inibir a oxidação mediada pelos íons de Cu2+. O efeito observado deve estar relacionado com o potencial antioxidante das frações polares medido pela atividade redutora e varredura do radical DPPH. Os resultados obtidos demonstram as propriedades antioxidantes e de inibição da oxidação da LDL da H. incrassata e podem contribuir para as evidências de futuras aplicações fitoterapêuticas desta alga.

LDL oxidation and oxidative stress are closely related to atherosclerosis. Therefore, natural antioxidants have been studied as promising candidates. In the present study, the LDL oxidation inhibition activity of bioactive compounds from Halimeda incrassata seaweed. associated to antioxidant capacity, was evaluated in vitro. Experimental work was conducted with lyophilized aqueous extract and phenolic-rich fractions of the seaweed and their effect on LDL oxidation was evaluated using heparin-precipitated LDL (hep-LDL) with exposure to Cu2+ ions and AAPH as the free radical generator. H. incrassata had a protective effect for hep-LDL in both systems and the presence of phenolic compounds contributed to the activity where phenolic-rich fractions showed significant capacity for inhibition of oxidation mediated by Cu2+ ions. The observed effect could be related to the antioxidant potential of polar fractions evidenced by reducing activity and DPPH• radical scavenging. The results obtained in vitro further support the antioxidant and LDL oxidation inhibition properties of H. incrassata and further knowledge toward future phytotherapeutic application of the seaweed.

Amifostine acid S2-(3-aminpropylamino) ethylphosphorothioate) a prodrug that on desfosforilization by the action of alkaline phosphatase, it produces cisteamine, which works as a free radical scavenger. Amifostine is used in presence of cisplatine, an agent that produces free radicals during its action. Amifostine could diminish the harm to normal cells that assimilate the prodrug selectively. Based on different doses took place an evaluation of the ability of amifostine to reduce the effect on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidative system in the renal tissue. The smallest dose was the more effective one resulting with the lower levels of products of lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant system. The suggested model allows evaluating the citoprotective effect of the amifostine ranging from the molecular to the tissue level.

La Amifostina ácido S-2-(3-aminopropilamino) etiolfósforotioico), prodroga que al desfosforilarse por la fosfatasa alcalina produce el WR1065 2-(3_aminopropilamino) etanotiol, actúa como atrapador de radicales libres (RL). Su empleo frente al cisplatino, agente que genera RL durante su acción, podría disminuir el daño a las células normales que captan selectivamente la prodroga. Se evaluó la capacidad de la amifostina a diferentes dosis sobre la peroxidación lipídica (TBARS) y la actividad de las enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y catalasa (CAT) en el tejido renal. Las dosis más efectivas fueron las más bajas, con las que se obtienen la menor concentración de TBARS y la menor actividad SOD y CAT. El modelo es una propuesta para evaluar el efecto citoprotector de la amifostina desde el nivel molecular al tisular.

Among the metabolism inborn errors, there are the lysosomal storage diseases or lysosomal enzymopathies that are characterized by an specific enzymatic deficiency, excretion of metabollites in urine and accumulation of non-degraded compounds in various organs and tissues causing their dysfunction. These diseases have a recessive autosomal heredity, except for Fabry´s disease and Hunter’s disease in which the pattern of heredity is chromosome X-linked. These diseases have a low incidence in general although there are populations where they show a high incidence. Their importance lies in what they represent as a health problem because of the poor quality of life of these patients and their early death, therefore, it is necessary to prevent the birth of new infants affected with these diseases.

Dentro de los errores innatos del metabolismo se encuentran las enfermedades de almacenamiento lisosomal o enzimopatías lisosomales, las cuáles se caracterizan por un déficit enzimático específico, la excreción de metabolitos por la orina y la acumulación de los compuestos no degradados en diferentes órganos y tejidos que ocasionan la disfución de éstos. Tienen un patrón de herencia autosómico recesivo, excepto para la enfermedad de Fabry y la enfermedad de Hunter en las que el patrón de herencia está ligado al cromosoma X. Estas enfermedades tienen una baja incidencia en general, aunque hay poblaciones donde algunas de ellas tienen una alta incidencia. Su importancia radica en la magnitud que representan como problema de salud, por la pobre calidad de vida de esos pacientes, así como su fallecimiento prematuro, motivo por el cual hay que evitar los nacimientos de nuevos niños afectados.